RB Leipzig began life on 19 May 2009, when a football project backed by the Red Bull group acquired the playing licence of fifth-tier side SSV Markranstädt. From the very start, the new club's setup was unusual for such a low level of competition: it settled at the Zentralstadion, then one of the largest stadiums in Germany, built on the foundations of an East German-era arena. The investors' stated ambition was promotion to the Bundesliga within eight years; the club needed only seven seasons and four successive promotions to get there.
The club's official name, RasenBallsport Leipzig, was a way around German football regulations, which generally forbid a sponsoring company's name from appearing directly in a club's title. Instead of Red Bull Leipzig, the club adopted a name meaning roughly "lawn ball sport", while keeping the initials RB, unmistakably linked to the Red Bull brand. The club's red-and-white colours and its nickname, Die Roten Bullen ("The Red Bulls"), reinforced the association further, even though the club remains, formally, a separate legal entity from the corporation.
Leipzig sealed promotion to the Bundesliga in May 2016 and finished as runners-up in their very first top-flight season — an unprecedented feat for a club only seven years old. Since then, RB Leipzig has been a near-permanent fixture in European competition. The club's biggest continental result to date came in the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, when Leipzig reached the semi-finals before losing 0–3 to Paris Saint-Germain.
Domestically, the club won its first major trophy in 2022, beating SC Freiburg on penalties in the DFB-Pokal final. A year later, Leipzig defended the title with a 2–0 win over Eintracht Frankfurt, becoming the first club since Bayern Munich to retain the DFB-Pokal. Christopher Nkunku, who scored in both finals, was central to that success.
A defining feature of the Leipzig project has been its consistent commitment to developing young talent, combined with an intense, high-pressing style of play long associated with coach Ralf Rangnick, widely regarded as the architect of the club's sporting philosophy. Die Roten Bullen play their home matches at the ground now known as Red Bull Arena, built on the site of the former Zentralstadion.