The remarkable evolution from a regional industrial side closely linked with the automotive sector into a prominent contender in Czech football forms the core identity of FK Mladá Boleslav. With historical roots extending back to 1902 and the formal establishment of its football section in 1911 as SSK Mladá Boleslav, the club operated for decades under the umbrella of the Škoda Auto works (most notably as Auto Škoda Mladá Boleslav). This industrial heritage transformed into modern athletic success at the turn of the millennium, when the club earned promotion to the top-flight Czech First League in 2004 and swiftly established itself among the nation's football elite. The team traditionally plays in blue and white kits, reflecting the civic colors of Mladá Boleslav.
The club's home arena is the Mestsky stadion Mlada Boleslav, an intimate venue known for its close spectator proximity to the pitch and vibrant matchday support from the local community. Domestically, FK Mladá Boleslav has secured the Czech Cup (Pohár FAČR) on 2 occasions—first in the 2010–11 season following a penalty shootout victory against Sigma Olomouc, and again in 2015–16 by defeating FK Jablonec. The club also finished as Czech First League runners-up in the 2005–06 campaign. Iconic figures in the club's modern history include veteran midfielder and long-time captain Marek Matějovský, prolific forward Marek Kulič, all-time leading goalscorer Jan Chramosta, Russian striker Nikolay Komlichenko (who set the single-season scoring record in the Czech top flight), and manager Karel Jarolím.
On the European stage, FK Mladá Boleslav earned a reputation for delivering historic upsets against major continental clubs. The most iconic chapter unfolded during the 2006–07 UEFA Cup campaign. After entering the competition via UEFA Champions League qualifiers, the Czech side stunned French giants Olympique de Marseille in the First Round; despite a 1–0 defeat in France, Mladá Boleslav achieved a dramatic 3–1 home victory to advance to the UEFA Cup group stage. The club replicated its group stage qualification in the following 2007–08 season by eliminating Italian Serie A side Palermo in a thrilling penalty shootout victory in Sicily.