FC Twente was founded on 1 July 1965 through the merger of two long-standing rivals from Enschede, Sportclub Enschede and Enschedese Boys. The decision is remembered by supporters as the "Night of Vrieler," the night of 13–14 April 1965, when members of both clubs, despite decades of mutual hostility, voted to unite in order to save professional football in the city. The new club inherited SC Enschede's place in the Eredivisie.
Known as De Tukkers, the team spent decades among the Dutch elite but had to wait until the 2009–10 season for its first national title. Led by Englishman Steve McClaren, the side finished one point ahead of Ajax and, on 2 May 2010, sealed a 2-0 win away at NAC Breda to claim the club's first-ever Eredivisie championship. Twente have also won the KNVB Cup three times and the Dutch Super Cup (Johan Cruyff Shield) twice.
The club's most significant European chapter remains the 1975 UEFA Cup final. After a goalless first leg in Düsseldorf, Twente lost the return match 1-5 to Borussia Mönchengladbach, played at the Diekman Stadion in Enschede in front of more than 21,000 spectators — still the closest the club has come to lifting a European trophy.
Since 1998, Twente have played their home matches at the ground now known as De Grolsch Veste, built on the site of the historic Diekman Stadion. The team traditionally wears an all-red kit featuring the Twente horse emblem, with trim colours referencing both founding clubs.